Analysis of motility and mucociliary function of tracheal epithelial cilia.
Study subjects
Tracheal epithelium ex vivo
Ciliary function assays
Tracheal multiciliated cell ciliary beat frequency and stroke pattern
Baseline characterisation of tracheal epithelial ciliary movement as reported in this methods chapter. Cilia covering the apical surface of multiciliated cells move at 15-25 Hz; the abstract reports this as a range with no central value, so the range is recorded as variability bounds and the value slot is left empty. Ciliary movement is not a simple reciprocal movement: it has distinct forward and reverse phases, the effective and recovery strokes, and these asymmetric strokes push the mucus covering the airway mucosa. No exposure or treatment was applied.
Outputs
| Group | Output | Description |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | Baseline tracheal ciliary movement measurements CILIARY:fujisawa-trachea-baseline-output-baseline |
beat frequency hz: hertz (range 15 to 25 hertz)
ciliary motion patterns: coordinated
|
Evidence
The apical surface of multiciliated cells is covered with cilia that move at 15-25Hz.
States the 15-25 Hz beat frequency range recorded as the variability bounds of this assay's baseline output.
Ciliary movement is not a simple reciprocal movement and distinctly has forward and reverse movements called effective and recovery strokes, respectively.
Describes the asymmetric effective/recovery stroke pattern recorded as the coordinated ciliary motion pattern of this assay's baseline output.
In this chapter, we present methods for the analysis of ciliary movements of a group of cilia on the luminal surface of the trachea ex vivo and individually isolated and ATP-reactivated cilia in vitro.
Identifies the tracheal luminal surface ex vivo and isolated ATP-reactivated cilia in vitro as the subject and the two imaging protocols this assay follows.
Key-event relationships
Decreased ciliary function leads to impaired mucociliary clearance
Defects in ciliary motility lead to impairment of mucociliary function, resulting in recurrent airway infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and consequently, bronchiectasis.
States the causal link from defective ciliary motility to impaired mucociliary function that this key event relationship records; the chapter is a methods review and reports no quantitative support, so evidence_support is not_specified.
Protocols
Imaging-based analysis of tracheal ciliary movement ex vivo
Method presented in the chapter for analysing the movement of a group of cilia on the luminal surface of the trachea ex vivo. Beyond beat frequency, which the chapter describes as relatively easy to measure, the method covers the amplitude, the velocities of the effective and recovery strokes, and the asymmetric level of the stroke, which the chapter states require specific techniques and tips. Acquisition parameters are not reported in the cached abstract and are therefore not recorded.
Analysis of individually isolated, ATP-reactivated cilia in vitro
Method presented in the chapter for analysing the movement of individually isolated cilia reactivated with ATP in vitro, complementing the ex vivo analysis of intact tracheal epithelium.
Analysis of mucociliary function
Method presented in the chapter for analysing mucociliary function, the airway-protective mechanism produced by ciliary movement in which mucus flow captures and expels inhaled particles. No transport rates are reported in the cached abstract.